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Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius
The Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius is a museum of religious art and artifacts inside the Basilica of Saint Servatius in Maastricht, Netherlands.
==History==
The treasure of the church of Saint Servatius was put together over many centuries. One of the oldest pieces (today non-existent) was a reliquary in the shape of a triumphal arch, donated by Einhard (biographer of Charlemagne and abbot of Saint Servatius) in the 9th century. In the 11th century a custodian ('custos') was put in charge of the church's already seizable treasure.
During the late Middle Ages the number of relics further increased and a septennial pilgrimage ('Heiligdomsvaart') was instigated, which attracted tens of thousands of pilgrims. At these occasions, the church's main relics were shown to the pilgrims gathered on Vrijthof square from the dwarf gallery.〔Koldeweij, pp.197-207〕 In 1579, the church treasure suffered badly during the Sack of Maastricht by the Spanish troops led by the Duke of Parma. In 1634, under the threat of war, the treasure was brought to Liège, where it remained for twenty years.
After the conquest of Maastricht by the French in 1794, the chapter of Saint Servatius was made to pay heavy war taxes. In order to pay these taxes gold and silver artefacts from the church treasure were melted down or sold. In 1798 the chapter was dissolved. A few important pieces had been brought into safety by the canons, some of which were given back after the church was restored to the religious service in 1804, but other pieces could not be retrieved. Some of the church's former treasures can now be found in museums and libraries around the world, such as the National Library of the Netherlands〔Van Cauteren, p. 150-152〕 in The Hague, the Royal Museums of Art and History〔Kroos, pp. 242-251, 392-394〕〔Koldeweij, pp. 256-257〕 in Brussels, the Musée du Louvre〔Van Cauteren, p. 151〕〔Stauffer, p. 50〕 in Paris, the Kunstgewerbemuseum〔Stauffer, p.50〕 in Berlin, the Alte Pinakothek〔Van Cauteren, p. 156-158〕 in Munich, the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe〔Koldeweij, pp. 65-66, 154-156〕 in Hamburg, the Victoria and Albert Museum〔(Collection V&A, Londen )〕 in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art〔Stauffer, p. 50〕 and The Morgan Library & Museum〔Koldeweij, p. 196〕 in New York. The present treasure of the Basilica of Saint Servatius therefore, is much smaller than it once used to be.
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